Giacobbe Giusti, ANDREA MANTEGNA: St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris

Giacobbe Giusti, ANDREA MANTEGNA: St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris

 

Giacobbe Giusti, ANDREA MANTEGNA: St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris

St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris

Saint Sebastian (died c. AD 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian‘s persecution of Christians. He is commonly depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. Despite this being the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian, he was, according to legend, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. Shortly afterwards he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death.^[1][2] He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.

The details of Saint Sebastian’s martyrdom were first spoken of by 4th-century bishop Ambrose of Milan (Saint Ambrose), in his sermon (number 22) on Psalm 118. Ambrose stated that Sebastian came from Milan and that he was already venerated there at that time. Saint Sebastian is a popular male saint, especially among athletes.^[3][4][5]

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b « How did St Sebastian become an enduring, homo-erotic icon? ». UK: The Independent. 10 February 2008..
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). « St. Sebastian ». My First Book of Saints. Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 22–23. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
3. Jump up^ « About St Sebastian – Associated & Catholic Colleges of WA ». http://www.accsport.asn.au. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
4. Jump up^ White, Jackie. « The Patron Saint of Sports ». Retrieved 3 December2017.
5. Jump up^ « About St Sebastian – Associated & Catholic Colleges of WA ». http://www.accsport.asn.au. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
6. Jump up^ « Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken ». The Walters Art Museum.
7. Jump up^ Acta S. Sebastiani Martyris, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus Accurante (Paris 1845), XVII, 1021–581221; abbreviated in Jacob de Voragine, Legenda Aurea.
8. Jump up^ Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. A Dictionary of Miracles: Imitative, Realistic, and Dogmatic (Chatto and Windus, 1901), p.11.
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Butler, Alban. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Vol.I},
10. Jump up^ « Reliquary of St Sebastian ». Metalwork. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
11. Jump up^ « Iacobus de Voragine: Historia de Sancto Sebastiano ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
12. Jump up^ « hericius definition | Latin Dictionary ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
13. Jump up^ « echinus definition | Latin Dictionary ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
14. Jump up^ « Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook: The Golden Legend: Volume II: The Life of Sebastian ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
15. Jump up^ City of Ebersberg website: Kloster Ebersberg (German)
16. Jump up^ Thomas Foster Earle, K. J. P. Lowe: Black Africans in Renaissance Europe, p. 191, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
17. Jump up^ « Vincoli ». IT: Unica. Archived from the original (JPEG) on 2006-03-10..
18. Jump up^ « Catholic Encyclopedia ». 1908..
19. Jump up^ Barker, 94–95
20. Jump up^ Barker, 96–97
21. Jump up^ Boeckl, Christine M (2000). Images of Plague and Pestilence: Iconography and Iconology. Truman State University. pp. 76–80. ISBN 978-0-943549-85-9..
22. Jump up^ Barker, Sheila, The Making of a Plague Saint, ch. 4 (pp. 114–7 especially) in Piety and Plague: from Byzantium to the Baroque, Ed. Franco Mormando, Thomas Worcester Truman State University, 2007,ISBN 1-931112-73-8, ISBN 978-1-931112-73-4, Google books.
23. Jump up^ Boeckl, p. 77
24. Jump up^ Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995, ISBN 0300074514, p.22
25. Jump up^ Barker, 117
26. Jump up^ Zwingenberger, Jeanette (2011). Schiele. New York: Parkstone International. p. 154. ISBN 9781780421957.
27. Jump up^ « Fabiola (1949) ». BFI. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
28. Jump up^ « Carrie (1976) – Trivia – IMDb ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
29. Jump up^ « A Brutal Nobility: Painting Death in The House with Laughing Windows (Pupi Avati, 1976) ». Retrieved 2016-09-21.
30. Jump up^ « Damien Hirst ». MCA Denver. Archived from the original on 2010-04-23..
31. Jump up^ Buchanan, Matthew. « Losing My Religion ». Music Videos Love Movies. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
32. Jump up^ Buckley, David (2002). R.E.M.: Fiction: An Alternative Biography. Virgin. pp. 206–07. ISBN 978-1-85227-927-1.
33. Jump up^ notasfarwest (2015-09-07), The Mountain Goats – Hail St. Sebastian, retrieved 2017-06-25
34. Jump up^ « Merħba – Parroċċa San Sebastjan ». Parroċċa San Sebastjan. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
35. Jump up^ St. Sebastian Society web page: http://urnewman.org/groups/st-sebastian
36. Jump up^ Carl Schurz, Reminiscences (3 vols.), New York: McClure Publ., 1907, vol. 1, chap. 2, pp. 46–8; chap. 3, pp. 81–3.
37. Jump up^ Sebastian Tales

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sebastian

http://www.giacobbegiusti.com

 

Giacobbe Giusti, RAPHAEL: Jacob’s Dream, fresco Palazzo Apostolico, Vatican

 

Giacobbe Giusti, RAPHAEL: Jacob’s Dream, fresco Palazzo Apostolico, Vatican

 

RAPHAEL (RAFFAELLO SANZIO OR SANTI) 1483 – 1520

Giacobbe Giusti, RAPHAEL

Raphael 1506
Self Portrait

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino ( March 28 or April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520), known as Raphael , was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.
After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael’s more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates

References

• Blunt, Anthony, Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1660, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP, ISBN 0-19-881050-4
• Gould, Cecil, The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools, National Gallery Catalogues, London 1975, ISBN 0-947645-22-5
• Ettlinger, Leopold D., and Helen S. Ettlinger, Raphael, Oxford: Phaidon, 1987, ISBN 0714823031
• Roger Jones and Nicholas Penny, Raphael, Yale, 1983, ISBN 0-300-03061-4
• Landau, David in:David Landau & Peter Parshall, The Renaissance Print, Yale, 1996, ISBN 0-300-06883-2
• Pon, Lisa, Raphael, Dürer, and Marcantonio Raimondi, Copying and the Italian Renaissance Print, 2004, Yale UP, ISBN 978-0-300-09680-4
• Shearman, John; Raphael in Early Modern Sources 1483–1602, 2003, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09918-5
• Vasari, Life of Raphael from the Lives of the Artists, edition used: Artists of the Renaissance selected & ed Malcolm Bull, Penguin 1965 (page nos from BCA edn, 1979)
• Wölfflin, Heinrich; Classic Art; An Introduction to the Renaissance, 1952 in English (1968 edition), Phaidon, New York.

http://artsviewer.com/raphael-home.html

http://www.giacobbegiusti.com