Giacobbe Giusti, ANDREA MANTEGNA: St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Giacobbe Giusti, ANDREA MANTEGNA: St. Sebastian (detail), Andrea Mantegna, 1480, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Saint Sebastian (died c. AD 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian‘s persecution of Christians. He is commonly depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. Despite this being the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian, he was, according to legend, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. Shortly afterwards he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death.[1][2] He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.
The details of Saint Sebastian’s martyrdom were first spoken of by 4th-century bishop Ambrose of Milan (Saint Ambrose), in his sermon (number 22) on Psalm 118. Ambrose stated that Sebastian came from Milan and that he was already venerated there at that time. Saint Sebastian is a popular male saint, especially among athletes.[3][4][5]
References
- ^ Jump up to:a b « How did St Sebastian become an enduring, homo-erotic icon? ». UK: The Independent. 10 February 2008..
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). « St. Sebastian ». My First Book of Saints. Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 22–23. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
- Jump up^ « About St Sebastian – Associated & Catholic Colleges of WA ». http://www.accsport.asn.au. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Jump up^ White, Jackie. « The Patron Saint of Sports ». Retrieved 3 December2017.
- Jump up^ « About St Sebastian – Associated & Catholic Colleges of WA ». http://www.accsport.asn.au. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Jump up^ « Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken ». The Walters Art Museum.
- Jump up^ Acta S. Sebastiani Martyris, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus Accurante (Paris 1845), XVII, 1021–581221; abbreviated in Jacob de Voragine, Legenda Aurea.
- Jump up^ Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. A Dictionary of Miracles: Imitative, Realistic, and Dogmatic (Chatto and Windus, 1901), p.11.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Butler, Alban. Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Vol.I},
- Jump up^ « Reliquary of St Sebastian ». Metalwork. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- Jump up^ « Iacobus de Voragine: Historia de Sancto Sebastiano ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
- Jump up^ « hericius definition | Latin Dictionary ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
- Jump up^ « echinus definition | Latin Dictionary ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
- Jump up^ « Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook: The Golden Legend: Volume II: The Life of Sebastian ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
- Jump up^ City of Ebersberg website: Kloster Ebersberg (German)
- Jump up^ Thomas Foster Earle, K. J. P. Lowe: Black Africans in Renaissance Europe, p. 191, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- Jump up^ « Vincoli ». IT: Unica. Archived from the original (JPEG) on 2006-03-10..
- Jump up^ « Catholic Encyclopedia ». 1908..
- Jump up^ Barker, 94–95
- Jump up^ Barker, 96–97
- Jump up^ Boeckl, Christine M (2000). Images of Plague and Pestilence: Iconography and Iconology. Truman State University. pp. 76–80. ISBN 978-0-943549-85-9..
- Jump up^ Barker, Sheila, The Making of a Plague Saint, ch. 4 (pp. 114–7 especially) in Piety and Plague: from Byzantium to the Baroque, Ed. Franco Mormando, Thomas Worcester Truman State University, 2007,ISBN 1-931112-73-8, ISBN 978-1-931112-73-4, Google books.
- Jump up^ Boeckl, p. 77
- Jump up^ Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995, ISBN 0300074514, p.22
- Jump up^ Barker, 117
- Jump up^ Zwingenberger, Jeanette (2011). Schiele. New York: Parkstone International. p. 154. ISBN 9781780421957.
- Jump up^ « Fabiola (1949) ». BFI. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Jump up^ « Carrie (1976) – Trivia – IMDb ». Retrieved 2016-06-03.
- Jump up^ « A Brutal Nobility: Painting Death in The House with Laughing Windows (Pupi Avati, 1976) ». Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- Jump up^ « Damien Hirst ». MCA Denver. Archived from the original on 2010-04-23..
- Jump up^ Buchanan, Matthew. « Losing My Religion ». Music Videos Love Movies. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Jump up^ Buckley, David (2002). R.E.M.: Fiction: An Alternative Biography. Virgin. pp. 206–07. ISBN 978-1-85227-927-1.
- Jump up^ notasfarwest (2015-09-07), The Mountain Goats – Hail St. Sebastian, retrieved 2017-06-25
- Jump up^ « Merħba – Parroċċa San Sebastjan ». Parroċċa San Sebastjan. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Jump up^ St. Sebastian Society web page: http://urnewman.org/groups/st-sebastian
- Jump up^ Carl Schurz, Reminiscences (3 vols.), New York: McClure Publ., 1907, vol. 1, chap. 2, pp. 46–8; chap. 3, pp. 81–3.
- Jump up^ Sebastian Tales
Giacobbe Giusti 
