Le chiese medievali di Roma

Tous les articles tagués Le chiese medievali di Roma

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

Publié par GIACOBBE GIUSTI le 25 janvier 2019
Publié dans: Excavations in 1956–59 revealed older foundation of the same dimensions, rising on Roman remains of various periods, the oldest dating to Republican times (Touring Club Italiano, Roma e dintorni,, Federico Gizzi, Le chiese medievali di Roma, Newton Compton/Rome, 1998., Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome, Michelangelo's Moses, Statue in the basilica, Senza categoria. Tagué : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Poster un commentaire

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

 

Church of Saint Peter in Chains
San Pietro in Vincoli al Colle Oppio (in Italian)
S. Petri ad vincula (in Latin)

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome
San pietro in vincoli, esterno.JPG

Façade of the Basilica
Basic information
Location Rome, Italy
Geographic coordinates 41°53′37.94″N12°29′35.05″ECoordinates: 41°53′37.94″N 12°29′35.05″E
Affiliation Roman Catholic
Year consecrated 439
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Titular church, minor basilica
Website Official website
Architectural description
Architectural type Church
Groundbreaking 5th century
Specifications
Length 70 metres (230 ft)
Width 40 metres (130 ft)
Width (nave) 16 metres (52 ft)
For other churches of this dedication, see St Peter ad Vincula (disambiguation).

San Pietro in Vincoli (Saint Peter in Chains) is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, best known for being the home of Michelangelo‘s statue of Moses, part of the tomb of Pope Julius II.

The Titulus S. Petri ad vincula was assigned on 20 November 2010, to Donald Wuerl. The previous Cardinal Priest of the basilica was Pío Laghi, who died on 11 January 2009.

Next to the church is hosted the Faculty of Engineering of La Sapienza University, in the former convent building. This is named « San Pietro in Vincoli » per antonomasia. The church is located on the Oppian Hillnear Cavour metro station, a short distance from the Colosseum.

History

Also known as the Basilica Eudoxiana, it was first rebuilt on older foundations[1] in 432–440 to house the relic of the chains that bound Saint Peter when he was imprisoned in Jerusalem, the episode called « Liberation of Saint Peter« . The Empress Eudoxia (wife of Emperor Valentinian III), who received them as a gift from her mother, Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, presented the chains to Pope Leo I. Aelia Eudocia had received these chains as a gift from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem.

According to legend, when Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter’s final imprisonment in the Mamertine Prison, in Rome, the two chains miraculously fused together. The chains are now kept in a reliquary under the main altar in the basilica.[2]

The basilica, consecrated in 439 by Sixtus III, has undergone several restorations, among them a restoration by Pope Adrian I, and further work in the eleventh century. From 1471 to 1503, in which year he was elected Pope Julius II, Cardinal Della Rovere, the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, effected notable rebuilding. The front portico, attributed to Baccio Pontelli, was added in 1475. The cloister (1493–1503) has been attributed to Giuliano da Sangallo. Further work was done at the beginning of the 18th century, under Francesco Fontana, and there was also a renovation in 1875.

Interior

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

Interior of the basilica

The interior has a nave and two aisles, with three apsesdivided by antique Doriccolumns. The aisles are surmounted by cross-vaults, while the nave has an 18th-century coffered ceiling, frescoed in the center by Giovanni Battista Parodi, portraying the Miracle of the Chains (1706). In this scene, Pope Alexander heals the neck goiter of Saint Balbina by touching her with the chains that once bound St Peter.

Michelangelo’s Moses (completed in 1515), while originally intended as part of a massive 47-statue, free-standing funeral monument for Pope Julius II, became the centerpiece of the Pope’s funeral monument and tomb in this, the church of della Rovere family. Moses is depicted with horns, connoting « the radiance of the Lord », due to the similarity in the Hebrew words for « beams of light » and « horns ». This kind of iconographic symbolism was common in early sacred art, and for an artist horns are easier to sculpt than rays of light.

Other works of art include two canvases of Saint Augustine and St. Margaret by Guercino, the monument of Cardinal Girolamo Agucchidesigned by Domenichino, who is also the painter of a sacristy fresco depicting the Liberation of St. Peter (1604). The altarpiece on the first chapel to the left is a Deposition by Cristoforo Roncalli. The tomb of Cardinal Nicholas of Kues (d 1464), with its relief, Cardinal Nicholas before St Peter, is by Andrea Bregno. Painter and sculptor Antonio Pollaiuolo is buried at the left side of the entrance. He is the Florentine sculptor who added the figures of Romulus and Remus to the sculpture of the Capitoline Wolf on the Capitol.[3] The tomb of Cardinal Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini, decorated with an allegorical skeletal representation of Death, is also in the church.

In 1876 archeologists discovered the tombs of those once believed to be the seven Maccabean martyrs depicted in 2 Maccabees 7–41.[4] It is highly unlikely that these are in fact the Jewish martyrs that had offered their lives in Jerusalem. They are remembered each year on 1 August, the same day as the miracle of the fusing of the two chains.

Giacobbe Giusti, Church of Saint Peter in Chains, Rome

18th century fresco, The Miracle of the Chains in the center of the coffered ceiling by Giovanni Battista Parodi (1706).

The third altar in the left aisle holds a mosaic of Saint Sebastian from the seventh century. This mosaic is related to an outbreak of plague inPavia, in northern Italy. The relics of Sebastian were taken there in order to stop a 680 outbreak of plague, since Sebastian was believed to have been born in Lombardy, and an altar was constructed for his relics at a San Pietro in Vincoli in Pavia. As a symbol of the subsequently reinforced relationship between Pavia and Rome, an identical altar to Sebastian was built at the Roman church of the same name, resulting in a parallel cult for the saint in both regions.[5]

Gallery

List of Cardinal-Priests since 1405

List of the cardinal titulars of the church[6][7]

References

  1. ^ Excavations in 1956–59 revealed older foundation of the same dimensions, rising on Roman remains of various periods, the oldest dating to Republican times (Touring Club Italiano, Roma e dintorni, Milan, 1965:337-39).
  2. ^ « San Pietro in Vincoli ». Sacred Destinations.
  3. ^ « Sculpture » . The Oxford Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture. Ed. John B. Hattendorf. Oxford University Press, 2007.
  4. ^ Taylor Marshall, The Crucified Rabbi: Judaism and the Origins of the Catholic Christianity, Saint John Press, 2009 ISBN 978-0-578-03834-6page 170.
  5. ^ Barker, Sheila (2007). « 4 ». In Momando, Franco; Worcester, Thomas. Piety and Plague: from Byzantium to Baroque. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University. p. 92.
  6. ^ « Cardinal Title S. Pietro in Vincoli ». Gcatholic.org. Retrieved 2014-06-10. [self-published source]
  7. ^ « The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church ». Fiu.edu. 2002-01-01. Retrieved 2014-06-10.{{Self-published source|date=July 2018}

Bibliography

  • Federico Gizzi, Le chiese medievali di Roma, Newton Compton/Rome, 1998.

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

Publié par GIACOBBE GIUSTI le 15 novembre 2018
Publié dans: Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007 Jump up^ Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007 Jump up^ V. Forcella, Inscrizion, Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin (Italian: Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin or de Schola Graeca) is a minor basilica church in Rome, Italy. It is located in the rione of Ripa., Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome, Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Stato della basilica diaconale, collegiate, e parrocchiale di S. Maria in Cosmedin di Roma (Roma: Antonio de' Rossi 1719). G. B. Giovenale, La Basilica di S. Maria in Co, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome, Senza categoria. Tagué : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Poster un commentaire

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

Mosaico con l’Adorazione dei Magi (inizi dell’VIII secolo).

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 

Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin
Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin (in Italian)

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

 
Santa Maria in Cosmedin, August 2015.jpg

Medieval façade of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, with the bell tower.
Basic information
Location Rome, Italy
Geographic coordinates 41°53′17″N12°28′54″ECoordinates: 41°53′17″N 12°28′54″E
Affiliation Roman Catholic
Rite Greek-Melkite Rite, Latin Rite
Ecclesiastical or organizational status Minor basilica
Leadership Msgr. Antonio Riccardo Menegaldo
Website Official Website
Architectural description
Architectural type Church
Completed 11th century
Specifications
Direction of façade Northwest
Length 40 metres (130 ft)
Width 20 metres (66 ft)
Width (nave) 10 metres (33 ft)

The Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin (Italian: Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin or de Schola Graeca) is a minor basilicachurch in Rome, Italy. It is located in the rione of Ripa.

History

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

The 1718 Baroque façade

Interior of Santa Maria in Cosmedin.

The ceiling of the basilica

According to Byzantine historian Andrew Ekonomou, the church was created in the 6th century during Byzantine rule of the city and was placed in the centre of the Greek community in Rome. The Greek part of the city was referred to as the ‘Schola Graeca’. The church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, who was greatly adored as Theokotos (Mother of God) in contemporary Constantinople. The name ‘Cosmedin’ came from the Latinization of the Greek word κοσμίδιον (cosmidion) that derives from the Greek word κόσμος, which means pure or elegant. [1]

The church was built in the 8th century, during the Byzantine Papacy, over the remains of the Templum Herculis Pompeiani in the Forum Boarium and of the Statio annonae, one of the food distribution centres of ancient Rome (another is to be found at the Theatre of Balbus). A deaconry was a place where charitable distributions were given to the poor, and it is appropriate that such an institution would have been built near or at a station of the Roman annona.

An eighth century inscription in the church records that Eustathius, the last Byzantine duke of Rome (ca. 752-756) gave a gift of extensive properties to the church’s ministry to the poor. The same inscription also mentions a donation by someone named Georgios and his brother David [2]

Since it was located near many Byzantine structures,[according to whom?]in 7th century this church was called de Schola Graeca, and a close street is still called della Greca. Greek monks escaping iconoclastic persecutions decorated the church around 782, when pope Adrian Ipromoted its reconstruction; the church was built with a nave and two aisles and a portico. Because of its beauty, the church received the adjective cosmedin (from Greek kosmidion), ornate. A sacristy and an oratory dedicated to St. Nicholas were added in the 9th century, by order of Pope Nicholas I, who also built a papal residence, but they were destroyed in the Sack of Rome (1084) by Robert Guiscard‘s Norman troops.

Santa Maria in Cosmedin was the titular church of Popes Gelasius IIand Celestine III, as well as antipope Benedict XIII. Among the former titular cardinal deacons of the church was Reginald Pole, the last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury.

The inscriptions found in S. Maria in Cosmedin, a valuable source illustrating the history of the Basilica, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[3]

A substantial restoration was accomplished in 1118–1124 under Alfanus, camerarius of Pope Callixtus II. After being acquired by Benedictines and a period of decay, in 1718 the church was refurbished in the Baroque style, particularly by a new façade, by Giuseppe Sardi.[4] The Baroque additions, however, were removed in the restoration of 1894–1899, together with the coat-of-arms of Pope Clement XI who had sponsored Sardi’s work.

Architecture

Giacobbe Giusti, Saint Mary in Cosmedin, Rome

Tomb of Alfanus, vir probus (upright man), inside the church.

La Bocca della Verità

The alleged skull of St Valentine

In the portico of the church, on the north side, can be found La Bocca della Verità, an ancient sculpture thought to be a drain covering. A legend states that, if a person places his hand inside the mouth (« bocca ») and then swears falsely, the mouth will close and sever the hand. There is no attested case of such an event taking place.

The church’s bell tower is the tallest medieval belfry in Rome.

The current interior of S. Maria in Cosmedin has a nave with two aisles: these are divided by four pilasters and eighteen ancient columns. Built into the side walls, some of the old columns of the Statio Annonae are visible. Other fragments of the ancient building can be seen in the crypt. Paintings from the 8th-12th centuries, in three layers, are preserved in the upper part of the nave and in the triumphal arch. The church has a very fine Cosmatesque pavement. The schola cantorum is from the 13th century, while the main altar is a red granite piece from 1123. The Easter candelabrum is also from the 13th century.

The sacristy houses a precious 8th-century mosaic fragment brought here from the Old St. Peter’s Basilica. Of the 18th-century restoration, the Crucifix Chapel and the Baptistry can be seen today.

In a side altar on the left of the church is kept the flower crowned skull attributed to St Valentine.

Modern Celebrity

A scene from the 1953 romantic comedy movie Roman Holiday was filmed in Santa Maria in Cosmedin. In the scene, « Joe » played by Gregory Peck shocks the « Anya/Princess Ann » played by Audrey Hepburn by pretending to lose his hand in the Bocca della Verità.[5]

References

  1. Jump up^ Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007
  2. Jump up^ Andrew J. Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington books, 2007
  3. Jump up^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chese e d’ altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume IV (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1874), pp. 301-327.
  4. Jump up^ Nina A. Mallory, Roman Rococo Architecture from Clement XI to Benedict XIV (1700–1758) ( New York: Garland Publishing, 1977), p. 54.
  5. Jump up^ O’Connor, Joanne. « On location: Roman Holiday ». Financial Times.

Bibliography

  • Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Stato della basilica diaconale, collegiate, e parrocchiale di S. Maria in Cosmedin di Roma (Roma: Antonio de’ Rossi 1719).
  • G. B. Giovenale, La Basilica di S. Maria in Cosmedin (Roma: P. Sansaini, 1927) [Volume 2 of Monografie sulle chiese di Roma].
  • Richard Krautheimer, Corpus basilicarum christianarum Romae. The early Christian basilicas of Rome (IV-IX cent.). (Roma: Pontificio Istituto de archeologia cristiana, 1937) [Volume 2 of Monumenti dell’antichità Cristiana].
  • Federico Gizzi, Le chiese medievali di Roma, Newton Compton.[full citation needed]
  • Elio Fox, Santa Maria in Cosmedin (Trento, Italy: Eurographik, 1969).
  • Gemma Fusciello, Santa Maria in Cosmedin a Roma (Roma: Edizioni Quasar, 2011).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin

http://www.giacobbegiusti.com