Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

So-called “Apoxyomenos” (“the Scraper”). Marble, Roman copy of the 1st century AD after a Greek bronze original ca. 320 BC. From the Trastevere in Roma.

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Athena-Marsyas-Gruppe, Rom, Museo Gregoriano Profano

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

L’Amazone Mattei est la meilleure copie existante d’un original perdu en bronze de Phidias, réalisé dans la seconde moitié du cinquième siècle av. J.C.

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Cnidus Aphrodite. Marble, Roman copy after a Greek original of the 4th century. Marble; original elements: torso and thighs; restored elements: head, arms, legs and support (drapery and jug).

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

The Apollo Belvedereor Apollo of the Belvedere

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Laocoön and His Sons

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Scène de l’Odyssée

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Attaque des Lestrygons

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Mosaic, Caracalla bath

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Athletenmosaike aus den Caracalla-Thermen

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

 

Stefaneschi Triptych

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Stefaneschi Altarpiece is a triptych by the Italian medieval painter Giotto, commissioned by Cardinal Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi^[1] to serve as an altarpiece for one of the altars of Old St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Annunciazione (Gentile da Fabriano)

 

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

 

The Perugia Altarpiece(Italian: Pala di Perugia) is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico

 

Musei Vaticani Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums
Sculptures above the exits of museums
Location of the Vatican Museums within Vatican City
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Established	1506
Location	Vatican City
Coordinates	41°54′23″N 12°27′16″ECoordinates: 41°54′23″N 12°27′16″E
Type	Art museum
Visitors	6,427,277 (2017) [1]
Director	Barbara Jatta[2]
Website	Official website

The Vatican Museums, north of St. Peter’s Basilica

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The Vatican Museums (Italian: Musei Vaticani; Latin: Musea Vaticana) are Christian and art museums located within the city boundaries of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by popesthroughout the centuries including several of the most renowned Roman sculptures and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The museums contain roughly 70,000 works, of which 20,000 are on display,^[3] and currently employ 640 people who work in 40 different administrative, scholarly, and restoration departments.^[4]

Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century.^[5]The Sistine Chapel, with its ceiling decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael, are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums. In 2017, they were visited by 6 million people, which combined makes it the 5th most visited art museum in the world.^[6][7]

There are 54 galleries, or sale, in total,^{[citation needed]} with the Sistine Chapel, notably, being the very last sala within the Museum. It is one of the largest museums in the world.

In 2017, the Museum’s official website and social media presence was completely redone, in accord with current standards and appearances for modern websites.^[8]

History

The Vatican Museums trace their origin to one marble sculpture, purchased in the 16th century: Laocoön and His Sons was discovered on 14 January 1506, in a vineyard near the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Pope Julius II sent Giuliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were working at the Vatican, to examine the discovery. On their recommendation, the pope immediately purchased the sculpture from the vineyard owner. The pope put the sculpture, which depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his two sons being attacked by giant serpents, on public display at the Vatican exactly one month after its discovery.

Benedict XIV founded the Museum Christianum, and some of the Vatican collections formed the Lateran Museum, which Pius IXfounded by decree in 1854.^[9]

The Museums celebrated their 500th anniversary in October 2006 by permanently opening the excavations of a Vatican Hill necropolis to the public.^[10]

On 1 January 2017, Barbara Jatta became the Director of the Vatican Museums, replacing Antonio Paolucci who had been director since 2007.^[11][12]

Pinacoteca Vaticana

The art gallery was housed in the Borgia Apartment until Pope Pius XIordered construction of a proper building. The new building, designed by Luca Beltrami, was inaugurated on 27 October 1932.^[13] The museum has paintings including:

• Giotto‘s Stefaneschi Triptych
• Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Opere di Misericordia
• Raphael’s Madonna of Foligno, Oddi Altarpiece and Transfiguration
• Leonardo da Vinci‘s St. Jerome in the Wilderness
• Caravaggio‘s Entombment
• Perugino‘s Madonna and Child with Saints and San Francesco al Prato Resurrection
• Filippo Lippi‘s Marsuppini Coronation
• Jan Matejko‘s Sobieski at Vienna

Collection of Modern Religious Art

The Collection of Modern Religious Art was added in 1973 and houses paintings and sculptures from artists like Carlo Carrà, Giorgio de Chirico, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso.^[14]

Sculpture museums

The group of museums includes several sculpture museums surrounding the Cortile del Belvedere. These are the Gregoriano Profano Museum, with classical sculpture, and others as below:

Museo Pio-Clementino

The New Wing, Braccio Nuovobuilt by Raffaele Stern

The Prima Porta Augustus

A Roman naval bireme depicted in a relief from the Temple of Fortuna Primigenia in Praeneste(Palestrina),^[15] constructed c. 120 BC;^[16] exhibited in the Pius-Clementine Museum (Museo Pio-Clementino) of the Vatican.

The museum takes its name from two popes; Clement XIV, who established the museum, and Pius VI, the pope who brought the museum to completion. Clement XIV came up with the idea of creating a new museum in Innocent VIII‘s Belvedere Palace and started the refurbishment work.^[17]

Pope Clement XIV founded the Pio-Clementino museum in 1771, and originally it contained the Renaissance and antique works. The museum and collection were enlarged by Clement’s successor Pius VI. Today, the museum houses works of Greek and Roman sculpture. Some notable galleries are:

• Greek Cross Gallery: (Sala a Croce Greca): with the porphyri sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helen, daughter and mother of Constantine the Great.
• Sala Rotonda: shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, and ancient statues lining the perimeter, including a gilded bronze statue of Hercules.
• Gallery of the Statues(Galleria delle Statue): as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadneand the bust of Menander. It also contains the Barberini Candelabra.
• Gallery of the Busts (Galleria dei Busti): Many ancient busts are displayed.
• Cabinet of the Masks (Gabinetto delle Maschere): The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, found in Villa Adriana, which shows ancient theater masks. Statues are displayed along the walls, including the Three Graces.
• Sala delle Muse: Houses the statue group of Apollo and the nine muses, uncovered in a Roman villa near Tivoli in 1774, as well as statues by important ancient Greek or Roman sculptors. The centerpiece is the Belvedere Torso, revered by Michelangelo and other Renaissance men.^[18]
• Sala degli Animali: So named because of the many ancient statues of animals.

Tourists in the Pinacoteca Vaticana

Museo Chiaramonti

This museum was founded in the early 19th century by Pope Pius VII, whose surname before his election as pope was Chiaramonti. The museum consists of a large arched gallery in which are exhibited several statues, sarcophagi and friezes. The New Wing, Braccio Nuovo, built by Raffaele Stern, houses statues including the Augustus of Prima Porta, the Doryphoros, and The River Nile. The Galeria Lapidaria forms part of the Museo Chiaramonti, and contains over 3,000 stone tablets and inscriptions. It is accessible only with special permission, usually for the purpose of academic study.

Museo Gregoriano Etrusco

Founded by Pope Gregory XVI in 1836, this museum has eight galleries and houses important Etruscan pieces, coming from archaeological excavations.^[19] The pieces include: vases, sarcophagus, bronzes and the Guglielmi Collection.

Museo Gregoriano Egiziano

This museum houses a large collection of artifacts from Ancient Egypt.^[20] Such material includes papyruses, the Grassi Collection, animal mummies, and reproductions of the Book of the Dead.^[21]

History

The Museo Gregoriano Egiziano was inaugurated on 2 February 1839 to commemorate the anniversary of Gregory XVI’s accession to the papacy. The creation of the Museo Gregoriano Egiziano was particularly close to the pope’s heart as he believed the understanding of ancient Egyptian civilisation was vital in terms of its scientific importance as well as its value in understanding the Old Testament. This feeling was expressed in a paper by the museum’s first curator, the physiologist and Barnabite, Father Luigi Maria Ungarelli.^[17]

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

Statue of the Nile recumbent 1st-2nd Century AD, from Rome Museo Gregoriano Egiziano

Vatican Historical Museum

The Vatican Historical Museum (Italian: Museo storico vaticano) was founded in 1973 at the behest of Pope Paul VI,^[22] and was initially hosted in environments under the Square Garden. In 1987, it moved to the main floor of the Apostolic Palace of the Lateran where it opened in March 1991.

The Vatican Historical Museum has a unique collection of portraits of the Popes from the 16th century to date, the memorable items of the Papal Military Corps of the 16–17th centuries and old religious paraphernalia related to rituals of the papacy. Also on display on the lower floor are the papamobili (Popemobiles); carriages and motorcars of Popes and Cardinals, including the first cars used by Popes.^[23]

Highlights from the Painting Collection

Giacobbe Giusti, Vatican Museums

• 

  Leonardo da Vinci

  St. Jerome in Wilderness, 103 x 75 cm.

   

 

• 

  Giotto di Bondone
  Stefaneschi Triptych, 224 x 245 cm

   

 

• 

  Giovanni Bellini
  Pieta, 106 x 84 cm.

   

 

• 

  Raphael
  Oddi Altarpiece, 272 x 165 cm

   

 

• 

  Raphael
  Transfiguration, 405 x 278 cm.

   

   

• 

  Raphael
  Madonna of Foligno, 320 x 194 cm.

   

• 

  Titian
  Frari Madonna, 338 x 270 cm.

   

   

• 

  Caravaggio
  Entombment, 300 x 203 cm.

   

 

• 

  Veronese
  The Vision of St. Helen, 166 x 134 cm.

   

 

• 

  Correggio
  Christ in Glory, 105 x 98 cm.

   

 

• 

  Titian
  Portrait of Doge Marcello

   

 

• 

  Perugino
  Decemviri Altarpiece, 193 x 165 cm.

   

 

• 

  Raphael
  Adoration of the Magi
  27 x 50 cm.

   

 

• 

  Raphael
  Annunciation
  27 x 50 cm.

   

 

• 

  Raphael
  Presentation in the Temple
  27 x 50 cm.

Other Highlights in the Museum

Gallery of Maps

• The red marble papal throne, formerly in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano;
• Roman sculpture, tombstones, and inscriptions, including the Early Christian Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and Dogmatic sarcophagus, and the epitaph of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus;
• The Raphael Rooms with many works by Raphael and his workshop, including the masterpiece The School of Athens
• The Niccoline Chapel
• The Sistine Chapel, including the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
• The Gallery of Maps: topographical maps of the whole of Italy, painted on the walls by friar Ignazio Danti of Perugia, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585). It remains the world’s largest pictorial geographical study.
• The frescoes and other works in the Borgia Apartment built for Pope Alexander VI (Borgia).

Bramante Staircase; spiral stairs of the Vatican Museums, designed by Giuseppe Momo in 1932

• The Bramante Staircase, is a double spiral staircasedesigned by Giuseppe Momo in 1932. The staircase has two parts, a double helix, and is of shallow incline, being a stepped ramp rather than a true staircase. It is encircles the outer wall of a stairwell of approximately fifteen metres (49 feet) wide and with a clear space at the centre. The balustrade around the ramp is of ornately worked metal.

Visitors

The Museums had 6,427,277 visitors in 2017, making them the fourth-most-visited art museum in the world.^[1]

On the last Sunday of each month, the Vatican Museum is open to the public for free. It is popular and common for people to wait in line for many hours. The other days of the week tickets are available online or in-person. This image is a panoramic view of one small stretch of the entire queue on Sunday 29 April 2007, which continues for some distance in both directions beyond view.

Former entrance (now an exit) to the Vatican Museums, Vatican City

• Accademia, Venice
• Uffizi, Florence
• Index of Vatican City-related articles
• List of most visited art museums

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b The Art Newspaper Review, April 2018
2. Jump up^ Troszczynska, Katarzyna (1 January 2017). « To ona rządzi w Watykanie. Kim jest Barbara Jatta? » [Who is Barbara Jatta? She is the director of the Vatican] (in Polish). Virtual Poland. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
3. Jump up^ « Meet Antonio Paolucci ». Divento. Archived from the original on 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
4. Jump up^ Jatta, Barbara (16 October 2016). « The Vatican Museums: transformation of an organisation » (PDF). Vatican Museums. Retrieved 29 August2017.
5. Jump up^ Bianchini, Riccardo (30 August 2017). « Vatican Museums – Rome ». Inexhibit. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
6. Jump up^ Top 100 Art Museum Attendance, The Art Newspaper, 2014. Retrieved on 13 July 2014.
7. Jump up^ « Museums and gallery visitors figure for 2017 ». Retrieved 18 March 2018.
8. Jump up^ « Conferenza Stampa di presentazione del nuovo sito web dei Musei Vaticani., 23.01.2017 »[Press Conference Presentation of the New Vatican Museum Website, 23.01.2017] (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 29 August2017.
9. Jump up^  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). « Christian Museums« . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
10. Jump up^ McMahon, Barbara (10 October 2006). « Ancient Roman treasures found under Vatican car park ». The Guardian. Manchester. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
11. Jump up^ Glatz, Carol (20 December 2016). « Pope names first woman to head Vatican Museums ». The Catholic Herald. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
12. Jump up^ Rykner, Didier (7 December 2007). « Antonio Paolucci, the new Director of the Vatican Museums ». The Art Tribune. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
13. Jump up^ « Pinacoteca ». Vatican Museums. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
14. Jump up^ « The Vatican Museums ». Vatican City State. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
15. Jump up^ Saddington, D.B. (2011). « Classes: the Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets Plate 12.2 on p. 204 ». In Erdkamp, Paul. A Companion to the Roman Army. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 201–217. ISBN 978-1-4051-2153-8.
16. Jump up^ Coarelli, Filippo (1987). I Santuari del Lazio in età repubblicana [The Sanctuaries of Lazio in the Republican age] (in Italian). Carocci. pp. 35–84. (Subscription required (help)).
17. ^ Jump up to:^a b Bertoldi, Susanna (2011). The Vatican Museum: Discover the history, the works of art, the collections. Vatican City: Sillabe. pp. 46, 96. ISBN 978-88-8271-210-5.
18. Jump up^ Montebello, Philippe De; Kathleen Howard (1983). « Sala delle Muse ». The Vatican: Spirit and Art of Christian Rome. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 178–180. ISBN 978-08-70993480.
19. Jump up^ « Museo Gregoriano Etrusco ». Vatican Museums. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
20. Jump up^ « Gregorian Egyptian Museum ». Vatican Museums. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
21. Jump up^ « Monuments exhibited in Room II of the Egyptian Museum ». Archived from the original on 5 July 2011.
22. Jump up^ Guide to the Vatican Museums and City. Musei Vaticani. 1986. ISBN 978-88-86921-11-4. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
23. Jump up^ « Museo Storico Vaticano (San Giovanni) ». Roma Capitale. Retrieved 28 August 2017.

Further reading

• G. Spinola, Il Museo Pio-Clementino (3 vols., 1996, 1999, 2004)
• G. B. Visconti and E. Q. Visconti, Il Museo Pio-Clementino Descritto (8 vols., 1782–1792)
• Daley, John (1982). The Vatican: spirit and art of Christian Rome. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0810917118.
• Peter Rohrbacher: Völkerkunde und Afrikanistik für den Papst. Missionsexperten und der Vatikan 1922–1939 in: Römische Historische Mitteilungen 54 (2012), 583–610.

Vatican Museums.

• Official website 
• Vatican Museums official on-line ticket office
• Official English information

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Museums

http://www.giacobbegiusti.com