Giacobbe Giusti, ANTONIO VENEZIANO: Virgin and Child, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
‘Virgin and Child’, tempera on panel painting by Antonio Veneziano, c. 1380, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Antonio Veneziano (Antonio the Venetian),[1]was an Italian painter who was active mainly in Siena, Florence and Pisa, documented between 1369 and 1419.
He was born apparently in Venice, and was a student of Taddeo Gaddi. In 1384-87, Antonio completed the three Saint Ranieri frescoesbegun by Andrea da Firenze in the Campo Santo in Pisa. Already deteriorated by time, they were severely damaged during a bombing raid in World War II. In Pisa, he worked alongside Andrea Vanni on the ceilings of the cathedral in 1370. Antonio painted the ceiling of the Capellone degli Spagnuoli in the Basilica di Santa Maria Novella in Florence. In 1374 he was registered in the Apothecaries’ Guild, which included painters, of Florence. He also worked on the church of San Nicolò Reale in Palermo for the Compagnia di SS. Niccolo and Francesco, representing Virgin and St. John in grief (1388). He died in Florence. Gherardo Starnina was Antonio Veneziano’s most important student.
References
- Ghiberti, Lorenzo, Lorenzo Ghiberti, I commentarii, Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze, Firenze, Giunti, 1998.
- Ladis, Andrew, Antonio Veneziano and the Representation of Emotions, Apollo 124/295 (September 1986), 154-161.
- Vasari, Giorgio, Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori, many editions and translations.
- Bryan, Michael (1889). Walter Armstrong & Robert Edmund Graves, ed. Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, Biographical and Critical (Volume II: L-Z). York St. #4, Covent Garden, London; Original from Fogg Library, Digitized May 18, 2007: George Bell and Sons. p. 651.
- Jump up^ Some archival references spell his name Antonio Viniziano.
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 Location within Boston
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| Established | 1870 |
|---|---|
| Location | 465 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 |
| Type | Art museum |
| Accreditation | AAM NARM |
| Visitors | 1,164,793 (2016)[1] |
| Director | Matthew Teitelbaum |
| Architect | Guy Lowell |
| Public transit access | |
| Website | mfa.org |
The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, is the fifth largestmuseum in the United States. It contains more than 450,000 works of art, making it one of the most comprehensive collections in the Americas. With more than one million visitors a year,[2] it is the 43rd most-visited art museum in the world as of 2016.
Founded in 1870, the museum moved to its current location in 1909. The museum is affiliated with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts.
History
1870–1907
Giacobbe Giusti, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
A view of the original Museum of Fine Arts building in Copley Square.
The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870 and opened in 1876, with most of its initial collection taken from the Boston Athenæum Art Gallery. Francis Davis Millet, a local artist, was instrumental in starting the Art School affiliated with the museum, and in appointing Emil Otto Grundmann as its first director.[3] The museum was originally located in a highly ornamented brick Gothic Revival building in Copley Square designed by John Hubbard Sturgis and Charles Brigham which was noted for its massed architectural terracotta in an American building. It was built almost entirely of brick and terracotta (imported from England), with some stone about its base.[4]
1907–2008
In 1907, plans were laid to build a new home for the museum on Huntington Avenuein Boston’s Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood near the renowned Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Museum trustees decided to hire architect Guy Lowell to create a design for a museum so that could be built in stages as funding was obtained for each phase. Two years later, the first section of Lowell’s neoclassical design was completed. It featured a 500-foot (150 m) façade of granite and a grand rotunda. The museum moved to its new location later that year; the Copley Plaza Hotel eventually replaced the old building.
The second phase of construction built a wing along The Fens to house paintings galleries. It was funded entirely by Maria Antoinette Evans Hunt, the wife of wealthy business magnate Robert Dawson Evans, and opened in 1915. From 1916 through 1925, the noted artist John Singer Sargent painted the frescoes that adorn the rotunda and the associated colonnades. Numerous additions enlarged the building throughout the years, including the Decorative Arts wing in 1928 (again enlarged in 1968) and the Norma Jean Calderwood Garden Court and Terrace in 1997. The West Wing, designed by I. M. Pei, opened in 1981, and was renamed the Linde Family Wing for Contemporary Art in 2008. This wing now houses the museum’s cafe, restaurant, and gift shop as well as a special exhibition space.[5]
2008–present
Cyrus Dallin‘s Appeal to the Great Spirit stands outside the museum’s Huntington Avenue entrance.
Tenshin-en, the museum’s Japanese garden
In the mid-2000s, the museum launched a major effort to renovate and expand its facilities. In a seven-year fundraising campaign between 2001 and 2008 for a new wing, the endowment, and operating expenses, the museum managed to total over $500 million, in addition to acquiring over $160 million worth of art.[6] During the global financial crisisbetween 2007 and 2012, the museum’s budget was trimmed by $1.5 million and the museum increased revenues by conducting traveling exhibitions, which included a loan exhibition sent to the for-profit Bellagio in Las Vegas in exchange for $1 million. In 2011, Moody’s Investors Service calculated that the museum had over $180 million in outstanding debt. However, the agency cited growing attendance, a large endowment, and positive cash flow as reasons to believe that the museum’s finances would become stable in the near future.
In 2011, the museum put eight paintings by Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Gauguin, and others on sale at Sotheby’s, bringing in a total of $21.6 million, to pay for Man at His Bath by Gustave Caillebotte at a cost reported to be more than $15 million.[7]
Art of the Americas Wing
The renovation included a new Art of the Americas Wing to feature artwork from North, South, and Central America. In 2006, the groundbreaking ceremonies took place. The wing and adjoining Ruth and Carl J. Shapiro Family Courtyard were designed in a restrained, contemporary style by the London-based architectural firm Foster and Partners, under the directorship of Thomas T. Difraia and CBT/Childs Bertman Tseckares Architects. The landscape architecture firm Gustafson Guthrie Nichol redesigned the Huntington Avenue and Fenway entrances, gardens, access roads, and interior courtyards.
The wing opened on November 20, 2010 with free admission to the public. Mayor Thomas Menino declared it « Museum of Fine Arts Day », and more than 13,500 visitors attended the opening. The 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m2) glass-enclosed courtyard features a 42.5-foot (13.0 m) high glass sculpture, titled the Lime Green Icicle Tower, by Dale Chihuly.[8] In 2014, the Art of the Americas Wing was recognized for its high architectural achievement by being awarded the Harleston Parker Medal, by the Boston Society of Architects.
In 2015, the museum renovated its Japanese garden, Tenshin-en. The garden, which originally opened in 1988, was designed by Japanese professor Kinsaku Nakane. The garden’s kabukimon-style entrance gate was built by Chris Hall of Massachusetts, using traditional Japanese carpentry techniques.[9][10]
Collection
Giacobbe Giusti, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
A gallery of European art
The Museum of Fine Arts possesses materials from a wide variety of art movements and cultures. The museum also maintains a large online database with information on over 346,000 items from its collection, accompanied with digitized images.
Some highlights of the collection include:
- Egyptian artifacts including sculptures, sarcophagi, and jewelry
- Dutch Golden Age painting, including 113 works given in 2017 by collectors Rose-Marie and Eijk van Otterloo and Susan and Matthew Weatherbie[11] The gift includes works from 76 artists, as well as the Haverkamp-BegemannLibrary, a collection of more than 20,000 books, donated by the van Otterloos. The donors are also establishing a dedicated Netherlandish art center and scholarly institute at the museum.[12]
- French impressionist and post-impressionist works by artists such as Paul Gauguin, Manet, Renoir, Degas, Monet, Van Gogh, Cézanne
- 18th- and 19th-century American art, including many works by John Singleton Copley, Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, and Gilbert Stuart
- Chinese painting, calligraphy and imperial Chinese art, including some of the most treasured paintings in Chinese history[citation needed]
- The largest museum collection of Japanese works under one roof in the world outside Japan[13], including the Edward S. Morse collection of 5,000 pieces of Japanese pottery, and the William Sturgis Bigelow collection of 20,000 woodblock prints (Ukiyo-e).
- The Rothschild Collection, including over 130 objects from the Austrian branch of the Rothschild family. Donated by Bettina Burr and other heirs[14]
The libraries at the Museum of Fine Arts house 320,000 items. The main branch, the William Morris Hunt Memorial Library, named after the noted American artist, is located off-site in Horticultural Hall.[15]
Highlights
Other notable works are in the collection, but the following examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are available.
References
- Jump up^ « Visitor Figures 2016 » (PDF). The Art Newspaper Review. April 2017. p. 14. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- Jump up^ « Museum of Fine Arts Annual Report ». Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 20 May2016.
- Jump up^ Natasha. « John Singer Sargent Virtual Gallery ». Jssgallery.org. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- Jump up^ « An announcement was made… » (hathitrust.org). The Brickbuilder. Boston, MA: Rodgers & Manson. 8 (12): 237. December 1899. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- Jump up^ « Architectural History – Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ». Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
- Jump up^ Dobrzynski, Judith H. (10 November 2010). « Boston Museum Grows by Casting a Wide Net ». The New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
- Jump up^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (March 14, 2012), « How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations« . The New York Times.
- Jump up^ « Lime Green Icicle Tower ». Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
- Jump up^ « Japanese Garden, Tenshin-en ». Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
- Jump up^ Takes, Joanna Werch (January 20, 2015). « Chris Hall: A (Japanese-Inspired) Timber Framing Philosophy for Furniture ». Woodworker’s Journal. Retrieved 16 August2015.
- Jump up^ « Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, to Receive Landmark Gifts of Dutch and Flemish Art Including Rembrandt Portrait and Other Golden Age Masterpieces ». Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
- Jump up^ Massive gift of Dutch art is a coup for MFA – The Boston Globe
- Jump up^ « Asian Art at the Museum of Fine Arts ». The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- Jump up^ « Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Announces Major Gift from Rothschild Heirs, Including Family Treasures Recovered from Austria after WWII. » Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- Jump up^ « The William Morris Hunt Memorial Library, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ». Mfa.org. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- Jump up^ « Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin on JSTOR ». JSTOR / Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Giacobbe Giusti 