Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

 

Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

Giacobbe Giusti, RUNNERS, Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum

 

The Villa of the Papyri(Italian: Villa dei Papiri, also known as Villa dei Pisoni) is named after its unique library of papyri (or scrolls), but is also one of the most luxurious houses in all of Herculaneum and in the Roman world.^[1] Its luxury is shown by its exquisite architecture and by the very large number of outstanding works of art discovered, including frescoes, bronzes and marble sculpture^[2]which constitute the largest collection of Greek and Roman sculptures ever discovered in a single context.^[3]

It is located in the current comune of Ercolano, southern Italy. It was situated on the ancient coastline below the volcano Vesuvius with nothing to obstruct the view of the sea. It was perhaps owned by Julius Caesar‘s father-in-law, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.^[4][5] Barker 1908 suggested Philodemus was owner of the Villa of the Papyri Library.^[6]

In AD 79, the eruption of Vesuvius covered all of Herculaneum with some 30 m of volcanic ash. Herculaneum was first excavated in the years between 1750 and 1765 by Karl Weber by means of underground tunnels. The villa’s name derives from the discovery of its library, the only surviving library from the Graeco-Roman world that exists in its entirety.^[7] It contained over 1,800 papyrus scrolls, now carbonised by the heat of the eruption, the « Herculaneum papyri« .

Most of the villa is still underground, but parts have been cleared of volcanic deposits. Many of the finds are displayed in the Naples National Archaeological Museum. The Getty Villa is a reproduction of the Villa of the Papyri.

1.  Maiuri, Amedeo. Herculaneum and the Villa of the Papyri. Italy (1974): 35-39.
2. Jump up^ https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/herculaneum-1/villa-of-the-papyri
3. Jump up^ The Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum: Life and Afterlife of a Sculpture Collection, Carol C. Mattusch (Los Angeles, California, 2005, ISBN 0892367229 p 359
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Hornblower, Simon and Antony Spawforth. Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3rd ed. New York (1996).
5. Jump up^ « Unlocking the scrolls of Herculaneum ». BBC. 2013.
6. Jump up^ Ethel Ross Barker (1908). « Buried Herculaneum ».
7. Jump up^ « Archived copy ». Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
8. ^ Jump up to:^a b c http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/?q=De%20Simone
9. Jump up^ Stewart, Andrew. Greek Sculpture. Yale University Press (1990).
10. Jump up^ « Buried Herculaneum ». 1908.
11. Jump up^ https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/herculaneum-1/villa-of-the-papyri/catalogue-of-sculptures
12. Jump up^ See Erlend D. MacGillivray, « The Popularity of Epicureanism in Late-Republic Roman Society », The Ancient World XLIII (2012) 151–172.
13. Jump up^ See conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
14. Jump up^ Feasibility Study^{[permanent dead link]}
15. Jump up^ In search of Western civilisation’s lost classics Archived 2008-12-29 at the Wayback Machine., The Australian, August 6, 2008
16. Jump up^ Vergano, Dan (January 22, 2015). « X-Rays Reveal Snippets From Papyrus Scrolls That Survived Mount Vesuvius ». National Geographic.
17. Jump up^ Bukreeva, I.; et al. (2016). « Enhanced X-ray-phase-contrast-tomography brings new clarity to the 2000-year-old ‘voice’ of Epicurean philosopher Philodemus ». arXiv:1602.08071 .
18. Jump up^ Mocella V, et al. (2015). « Revealing letters in rolled Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast imaging » (PDF). Nature Communications. 6: 5895. Bibcode:2015NatCo…6E5895M. doi:10.1038/ncomms6895.
19. Jump up^ Bukreeva I, et al. (2016). « Virtual unrolling and deciphering of Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast tomography ». Scientific Reports. 6. Bibcode:2016NatSR…630364B. doi:10.1038/srep30364.
20. Jump up^ Mocella V, et al. (2015). « Revealing letters in rolled Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast imaging » (PDF). Nature Communications. 6: 5. Bibcode:2015NatCo…6E5895M. doi:10.1038/ncomms6895.
21. Jump up^ The Getty. 2005. J. Paul Getty Museum. 11 May 2007 http://www.getty.edu/visit/see_do/architecture.html.
22. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Ethel Ross Barker (1908). « Buried Herculaneum ».

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_the_Papyri

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